1The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, 50-20 Shimoarata 4-Chome, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan, 2Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 50-20 Shimoarata 4-Chome, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
In the present study, the metabolite variations of the carp Cyprinus carpio L. starved for 7 days and 14 days were examined with 1H-NMR metabolomics. Statistical analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) of the NMR spectrum-derived data showed that the starved group at 14 days was distinguished from the control group on a PCA score plot, although the group at 7 days was not significantly distinguished from the control. Several metabolites such as isoleucine, leucine, valine, lactate, alanine, arginine, glutamine, taurine, glucose, glycerol, tyrosine, histidine, phenylalanine, and formate in the plasma of the starved group at 14 days were significantly reduced. The reduction of glucose in carp at 14 days suggested that gluconeogenesis had not yet been induced. Meanwhile, the ketone bodies 3-D-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate were significantly elevated in carp plasma, suggesting that starvation induced fatty acid degradation in carp.